What reaction is suspected when a child develops itching and a rash after starting an antibiotic?

The correct answer is that the symptoms of itching and a rash developing after starting an antibiotic are commonly indicative of an allergic reaction. This is because an allergic reaction involves the immune system responding to a substance (in this case, the antibiotic) as if it's a harmful invader, which can lead to symptoms such as hives, rashes, or itching.

In young children, such reactions are relatively common, as their immune systems are still developing and can react unexpectedly to new medications. The response can vary in severity; mild cases may present as localized itching or rash, while more severe allergic reactions might involve other symptoms such as swelling, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis.

Adverse drug reactions may also occur with medications but do not specifically imply an immune system response as allergies do. Intentional overdose would typically involve a significant overdose of the medication rather than a rash or itching as initial symptoms of an immune reaction. Recognizing these specific symptoms helps in promptly identifying allergic reactions and managing a child's health appropriately.