What should the nurse do when a client receiving intravenous penicillin reports itching and wheezing?

When a client receiving intravenous penicillin reports symptoms such as itching and wheezing, it is essential for the nurse to act appropriately to ensure the client's safety. The correct action in this scenario is to hold the next dose and notify the prescriber.

These symptoms could indicate an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis, which are serious and potentially life-threatening complications associated with penicillin administration. Itching and wheezing suggest that the client may be experiencing respiratory distress and an immune response to the medication, necessitating immediate intervention. By holding the medication, the nurse prevents further exposure to a possible allergen that could worsen the client’s condition. Notifying the prescriber is critical for reassessing the treatment plan, managing the allergic reaction, and determining the next steps in the client's care.

Other options would not adequately address the potential severity of the client's symptoms. For instance, administering the next dose could exacerbate the situation, and switching to oral antibiotics without consulting the prescriber may not be appropriate, particularly if the client is experiencing an acute allergic reaction. Encouraging deep breaths might provide temporary relief but does not tackle the underlying issue of a potential allergic reaction, which requires immediate medical attention. Thus, the recommended action prioritizes the client's safety and proper medical evaluation.